The Moral System Without Morals — Utilitarianism: “the doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority” (Oxford Languages). Two utilitarian philosophers walk into a bar: What is useful? Many things are useful. Ok, who decides which things are relevantly useful? Well, it can’t be you, or me, cause…

If there were there would be no rights at all — There are two different ways people talk about rights, and many different terms used to describe them. On one side there are natural rights, liberty rights, and negative rights; on the other there are positive rights and claim rights. …

I swear that, according to my ability and judgment, I will keep this Oath and this stipulation — to pursue truth above all else and no matter what. I will never claim to know the truth for certain, yet I will only act upon what I believe to be true. …

Here’s mine — Read: Most all human knowledge, experience, and imagination have been encoded into words on paper. Don’t let that incredible value go to waste. Learn history and science: History tells us where we’ve been, science tells us where we could go. …

Or not? — The Freedom House research institute has noted a continuous global democratic decline over the past decade and a half; free countries have been losing ground to not free countries. …

On the topics of adult vs juvenile justice and prison education — To come to any conclusions about how criminal punishment should work, what punishment is for must first be understood. In an effort to find a good answer to that question I will examine two philosophical theories of punishment, Retribution theory, and Moral Education theory, and argue that the former is…

What Caused the War of the Sixth Coalition — Introduction: In this essay, I will examine the extent to which the War of the Sixth Coalition can be explained by the Security Dilemma, a theory of how and why wars begin stemming from the broader Realist theory of international relations. …

Thucydides Trap vs Bipolar Stability — Thucydides and Kenneth Waltz have different theories about great power competition. Thucydides’ perspective, for starters, comes from his analysis of the Peloponnesian War, a conflict between Sparta and Athens that he judged to have resulted from the tendency of a rising power, Athens, to threaten a standing power, Sparta. This…

On the future — Throughout American history, there have been two general foreign policy eras: From the founding of the country until WWI the US primarily pursued isolationism and unilateralism, then there was a transition period until WWII, and since then the US has tended more towards globalism and multilateralism. This categorization is certainly…